Xét ΔBAD có BI là đường trung tuyến

nên \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}\)

=>B,I,M thẳng hàng

Cách 1: Dùng định lý Menelaus đảo:

Từ đề bài, ta có \(\dfrac{BD}{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\), \(\dfrac{MC}{MA}=\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{BD}{BC}.\dfrac{MC}{MA}.\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)

Theo định lý Menelaus đảo, suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.

Cách 2: Dùng vector

 Ta có \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\) 

\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

Lại có \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{MA}{AC}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{6}{5}.\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\), suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng. 

\(\overrightarrow{NC}=2\overrightarrow{ND}=2\overrightarrow{NC}+2\overrightarrow{CD}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{NC}=2\overrightarrow{DC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{CD}\)

a.

\(\overrightarrow{DM}=\overrightarrow{DC}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}+2\overrightarrow{CD}=-2\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

b.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\\\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\\\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MN}=-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\right)=-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{5}{4}\overrightarrow{BD}\)

a) ta có vector AA'+vectorBB'+vectorCC'=1/2(vectorAB+vectorAC+vectorBA+vectorBC+vectorCA+vectorCB)=vector 0

t/c trung tuyến